Robert Lowel & John Berryman Essays - Guggenheim Fellows

Robert Lowel & John Berryman Lowell and Berryman Robert Lowell and John Berryman both used their personal experiences as visuals in their writings. Their styles are similar in that aspect. Robert Lowells poem The Drunken Fisherman tells a story about himself fishing, and describes the seen in great detail. Of Suicide, written by John Berryman, is an autobiographical poem about how depressed he is. Berrymans work describes in detail what he thinks about and what was going on in his life at that moment making him feel so depressed. The Drunken Fisherman by Robert Lowell is a poem based on a specific instance, when the writer was fishing. THE DRUNKEN FISHERMAN Wallowing in this bloody sty, I cast for fish that pleased my eye (Truly Jehovahs bow suspends No pots of gold to weight its ends); Only the blood mouthed rainbow trout Rose to my bait. They flopped about My canvas creel until the moth Corrupted its unstable cloth. The first part of the poem explains what he is doing. The writer is fishing for rainbow trout because he likes the way it looks. Lowell states that he is not fishing for money, rather he is fishing for rainbow trout, a fish that likes the taste of blood. When he catches a fish, he puts it in his canvas pouch where it flops about until it is dead. A calendar to tell the day A handkerchief to wave away The gnats; a couch unstuffed with storm Pouching a bottle in one arm; A whisky bottle full of worms; And bedroom slacks: are these fit terms To mete the worm whose molten rage boils in the belly of old age? This part of the poem describes the physical appearance of the subject. He has a calendar to tell what day it is, a handkerchief to swat at the gnats. He is sitting on, or could possibly be, like a couch that is old and weathered. He sits with a bottle of whisky in one arm, and another empty bottle filled with worms in the other. His attire consists of simple, worn pajamas. He asks if this these terms are good enough to be fishing with worms, in his old age. Once fishing was a rabbits foot- O wind blow cold, O wind blow hot, Let suns stay in or suns step out: Life danced a jig on the sperm-whales spout- The fishers fluent and obscene Catches kept his conscience clean. Children, the raging memory drools Over the glory of past pools. He says that fishing used to be good luck. Weather it was hot or cold and in day or night, you could always catch a fish to eat. He goes on to tell how people exploited fishing, particularly the sperm-whale, saying that fishermen used to catch a lot in order to keep there conscious clean of the harm they were doing, so that the money they were making out weighed the guilt. But there children will never be able to escape the memory of the harm their parents caused just for glory. Now the hot river, ebbing, hauls Its bloody waters into holes; A grain of sand inside my shoe Mimics the moon that might undo Man and Creation too; remorse, Stinking, has puddled up its source; Here tantrums thrash to a wales rage. This is the pot-hole of old age. The hot river of blood flows back to the sea, it waters into holes in the earth like a grain of sand that doesnt really mater any more, its just part of the world. It is a part of man and creation that has been plugged up time after time, but that will never stop the rage of the whale. The last line of this stanza brings you back to the seen that was set before, of an old man sitting in his old age. Is there no way to cast my hook Out of this dynamited brook? The Fishers sons must cast about When shallow waters peter about. I will catch Christ with a greased worm, And when the Prince of Darkness stalks My bloodstream to its stygian term... On water the Man-Fisher walks. He asks if there is any way to get out of the life that he has created for himself, he only hopes that his children can find another way. He will find salvation in fishing while he awaits his death. Death comes in all shapes and sizes, his will come in the form of a Man-Fisher. You reap what you sow. John Berrymans Of Suicide is a poem that was obviously written when the author was

Free Essays on Teen Violence

A major social problem that is facing the United States at present is â€Å"Teen Violence†. Teen Violence effects all age groups in society; the victims of their crimes are not always teens. Nationwide, it is estimated that there are as many as 31,000 street gangs with a total membership of 846,000. In addition, almost three-quarters of cities with populations of more than 25,000 reported youth gangs in 1996. ("The 1996 National Youth Gang Survey," OJJDP Fact Sheet #86, Nov. 1998). This is a number that is rising steadily. Teens look to gangs as a means of protection from violence. As more teens look to gangs as a way of fitting in or feeling safe from the other teens around them, teen violence will always be a problem in society. Violence is defined as the act of purposefully hurting someone or oneself. It is a learned behavior and Violence creates a cycle where we all end up affected in one way or another. Some teens can learn this at an early age. Violence represents acts in which a person gets hurt; there are more people getting hurt from teen violence than ever before. Between the years 1985 to 1994, the murder rate by teens rose by 172 percent ( FBI, Supplementary Homicide Reports). Teen violence need not hurt a person physically; it can also damage them psychologically, sexually or socially. Violence has even become the primary cause of death for American teens. Nearly 80% of all teenage deaths are the result of violence( FBI, Supplementary Homicide Reports). Violence is a learned behavior. It can be reinforced consciously or unconsciously by family, peers or the media. While the teen population is on the decline teen violence is increasing at an alarming rate. Guns and especially handguns have played a major role in youth crime. The number of teen killings has quadrupled since 1984. When teens use violence against other teens they are not only hurting them physically but physiologically. A teen can feel violat... Free Essays on Teen Violence Free Essays on Teen Violence A major social problem that is facing the United States at present is â€Å"Teen Violence†. Teen Violence effects all age groups in society; the victims of their crimes are not always teens. Nationwide, it is estimated that there are as many as 31,000 street gangs with a total membership of 846,000. In addition, almost three-quarters of cities with populations of more than 25,000 reported youth gangs in 1996. ("The 1996 National Youth Gang Survey," OJJDP Fact Sheet #86, Nov. 1998). This is a number that is rising steadily. Teens look to gangs as a means of protection from violence. As more teens look to gangs as a way of fitting in or feeling safe from the other teens around them, teen violence will always be a problem in society. Violence is defined as the act of purposefully hurting someone or oneself. It is a learned behavior and Violence creates a cycle where we all end up affected in one way or another. Some teens can learn this at an early age. Violence represents acts in which a person gets hurt; there are more people getting hurt from teen violence than ever before. Between the years 1985 to 1994, the murder rate by teens rose by 172 percent ( FBI, Supplementary Homicide Reports). Teen violence need not hurt a person physically; it can also damage them psychologically, sexually or socially. Violence has even become the primary cause of death for American teens. Nearly 80% of all teenage deaths are the result of violence( FBI, Supplementary Homicide Reports). Violence is a learned behavior. It can be reinforced consciously or unconsciously by family, peers or the media. While the teen population is on the decline teen violence is increasing at an alarming rate. Guns and especially handguns have played a major role in youth crime. The number of teen killings has quadrupled since 1984. When teens use violence against other teens they are not only hurting them physically but physiologically. A teen can feel violat... Free Essays on Teen Violence After the recent shooting incidents involving teens in public schools, several civil suits have been filed against filmmaker’s, production companies, and movie studios of such films as Oliver Stone’s â€Å"Natural Born Killers†. This film contained scenes where teens murdered their fellow classmates in their high school. The lawsuits charge that films such as this influence youth to copy these acts. I feel that the artists of such films should not be held responsible for the criminal acts of teens. Instead, parents and adults should pay closer attention to what their children watch and listen to, and explain to them that the violence on television and the violent lyrics in songs are only for the purpose of entertainment. The artists and makers of violent films and songs should not be held responsible for violence amongst youth because they are protected by the first amendment of free speech and have a right to express their thoughts without being sued. Parents have the right to choose what they want their child to view and listen to. Films are rated and compact discs come with warning labels for a reason. It is to assist the parent in deciding whether they want to expose their child to such material. It even prevents children from having access to such material without their parents’ permission. Artists cannot be held responsible for what a child sees or hears because the artists cannot be aware of every child’s reaction to the material. They do not know whether their material will influence this child or that child in a negative way. The artist should not be held responsible if an individual misconstrues the message in the material. It is the parent’s duty to find out what thei r child sees and listens to, and ultimately it is the child’s decision whether to copy what it has seen or heard and that decision is his choice and his choice alone. It is an unrealistic idea to sue companies for producing violent material because...

Doctrine of Estoppel in Australian Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Doctrine of Estoppel in Australian Law - Essay Example But then, if the plaintiff has said or done something that induced/caused the defendant to change his or her behavior and that reliance was reasonable, the courts hold the discretion to deny the remedy to the plaintiff. Estoppel is not a remedy "at law" in the jurisdictions of common law, but is based on the principles of equity. In most cases, it is only a defense used by the defendant to prevent the plaintiff from enforcing established legal rights, or from relying on a set of facts that would give rise to enforceable rights this can be in the form of words uttered or actions performed, if that enforcement or reliance can be seen as unfair to the defendant. Because its effect is to defeat generally enforceable legal rights, the scope of the remedy is often very limited. In the case of a debt, for instance, an estoppel could be claimed if the creditor tells the debtor that he has been forgiven of his debt, but then there has not been a formal termination of the debt. If later the creditor demands that the debt should be paid back, but the debtor, reling on the earlier information that the debt has been forgiven him, has innocently spent the money on something else, the creditor may be estopped from relying on the usual contractual right to repayment because it would be unfair to allow the creditor to change his mind. Estoppel provides a way in which promises can be legally binding, even when there is no consideration. Estoppel is reliance based and, and you should note that reliance was never sufficient to constitute a consideration. In strict terms, Estoppel has nothing to do with contract, which means it is not part of contract law in the traditional sense. It is something that exists as a separate body of law - just like negligence or trespass. Its importance is that it has impacted on the law of contract by making it possible to argue for legal obligations which are contract-like but which do not satisfy the traditional requirements of consideration. Estoppel has therefore had an important impact on contract, but, it should be kept in mind that estoppel is a general doctrine which operates in all sorts of other areas as well. A lot of learned commentators of great influence have argued that there should be, if there never was, but one doctrine of estoppel by conduct in Australian law. Their argument captured by Mr. Spence in his book as the desirability of the unification of common law and equitable estoppel, and he advocates for a model of unification in which equitable estoppel would be extended to cover assumptions of fact, thereby swallowing up the common law doctrine. This method of unification was advocated and explained by MasonCJ in his judgment in CommonwealthvVerwayen 2. Their major worry in relation to equitable estoppel is whether it is fundamentally concerned with preventing unconscionable conduct or with protecting reasonable reliance. They are wont to ask if equitable estoppel is essentially concerned with the representor's misconduct, or with the representee's plight This is basically what the learned authors, Meagher, Heydon and Leeming, mean when they said in their book3 that "there are influential proponents of the view that there now should be, if there has not always been, but one doctrine of estoppel by conduct". What it seems to me that they are saying is that there should

REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

REPORT - Essay Example Staff at the restaurant should address customers politely avoiding stereotypes along race or class. The FAMM model The Five Aspects Meal Model refers factors that play an important role in the restaurant to make the meal experience an entire process. These factors include the room, the meeting, the product, the management control system and the atmosphere. The meeting Service and service quality is considered as a ‘meeting’ depending on the way that the customer is treated. To understand the value of the meeting, a restaurant staff needs to have knowledge of social psychology and rules of etiquette. Higher education is vital for service staff to exhibit mature social interaction in the restaurant. Service staffs make the major contact between a client and the restaurant. A waiter should to explain to the client what is in the menu and the preparation time of meals in a friendly manner. Arrogant waiters can make the whole dining experience very boring to the client. Waite rs should also understand that customers might elevate their own social status in a restaurant. A customer can pretend to be successful and rich. (Kivela, 1994, pp 24).Waiters should be able to assist customers who are less experienced in hotel dining. A waiter who is more helpful than arrogant to an ignorant client will help the restaurant obtain a good reputation.(Finkelstein,1989, pp 34). The room Many meals are consumed in a room. The person offering meals in a commercial setting should improve the eating environment to meet the client’s needs in the best way. Decoration of the room should take into consideration aspects such as style, history of the room, and the design of the room. The created eating environment in a restaurant setting is called a ‘service scape’ (Bitner, 1992, pp102). Modification of the context of a room can influence our taste of wine (Hersleth et al., 2003, pp54). The beliefs and past experiences of a client while consuming food in the same environment changes depending on the context of the eating. Meals need to be in agreement with the overall style of the restaurant (Bowen &Morris, 1995, pp56).Restaurant interiors should also be in agreement with the type of food offered. The product The product component is made of the foods and beverages served in a restaurant including their combination. Waiters in a restaurant are able to use their theoretical and practical knowledge of food and drink to suggest on choice of wine and food. The main purpose of having immense knowledge of food and beverages by the customer is to be able to satisfy the client’s need for the perfect combination of food and beverages. A study by (Nygren, 2004, pp98) has shown that sometimes food and wine combinations fit together but occasionally they do not .The visual effect of the product also has an effect on the restaurant experience of the customer. A study by (Warde and Martens,2000pp210) shows that visual effect played a vital rol e in creating success for the restaurant. In some extreme cases, the appearance of the dish was an indicator of whether the restaurant had succeeded. The taste of the food should meet the expectation of the client.( Fine, 1992,pp104).Consumers of readymade food for example expect their food to taste good .Sensory characteristics of food is vital in any restaurant. The management control system. Leadership and economic issues are under the

The role of trust in strategic alliances Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The role of trust in strategic alliances - Essay Example Added to this is the input from those who actually involved in this business, giving us a "real world" perspective. This essential input often gives us insider accounts of a contemporary world which we are not normally privileged to see. Before examining the role of trust in Strategic Alliances the notion of Strategic Alliance itself should be descried. In the literature there are different definitions proposed to describe the nature of Strategic Alliances. The first layer of literature (Austin 2000; Lewis 1999) used this term to describe joint ventures which do not involve equity investment by the partners and co-operative activities in areas other than manufacturing. In this case, Strategic Alliances are described as co-operative business activities between two or more firms, entered into for strategic reasons, involving the creation of a separate business entity under joint control and ownership. They can involve equal shareholdings. Strategic Alliances can "involve 'passive' partners who invest money in the operation without taking an active role in its management. alliances are "formed between firms with similar capabilities and capacities usually from industrialised countries; companies involved in strategic alliances are often direct competitors operating in the same product and geographic markets; they are usually entered into for reasons other than market access or the pooling of synergistic resources". While examining the role of trust in Strategic Alliances the research will be based on the second interpretation of the notion strategic alliance. The importance of trust In ordinary day-to-day practice most strategic alliances when making decisions tend to combine these different approaches, although frequently without being aware of the mental processes they are using. It is helpful to be aware of whether one is thinking in terms of 'acts' or 'ends', especially when analysing a dilemma. Theories proposed by Lewicki et al (1998) base a conception of right action on a conception of trust for duty's sake and mainly differ in so far as they specify two different sources of these duties. In order to make the correct moral choices, a strategic alliance simply has to understand what its trust concepts are and what correct rules exist which regulate the duties between the partners. When the parties of a strategic alliance follow their duty, it is behaving morally. When they fail to follow trust policy, it is immoral. It has also been acknowledged that strategic alliances have important obligations to a variety of stakeholders and not just the shareholders, and this should be reflected in their statements of trust (Bleeke, Ernst, 1995). To some extant trust within strategic alliances is based on the codes of ethics or a formal statement of what strategic alliances expects in the way of ethical behavior. It can serve as a guide for employee conduct to help employees determine what behaviors are acceptable. Since the purpose of trust is to let everyone know what is expected and what is

The Maori people in New Zealand

The Maori people in New Zealand This essay will critically analyze Kevin Glynn and A.F. Tysons article, Indigeneity, media and cultural globalization. In this article Glynn and Tyson speak on behalf of the Maori people in New Zealand and discuss factors surrounding globalization of western media and its influences on the indigenous people. This critical essay will focus primarily on Glynns and Tysons positive and negative issues surrounding globalization, funding concerns for indigenous media and benefits surrounding glocalization. Globalization, which is the reduction of differences between nations whether cultural or ideological (Straubhaar et al 2009, 503), as a negative issue is expressed quite well within this article. Among these issues discussed within the article, two primary issues that were of greater interest and more detail were the deconstruction of the indigenous culture and the lack of funds for media related indigenous projects.(Glynn and Tyson 2007, 208) The reason why globalization has such a massive effect on these cultures is that the media (i.e. television, magazines, radio) is barraged with foreign, in this case western, cultural media which overflows and almost completely obliterates any trace of the old culture that once was there. This idea revolves around the hypodermic needle theory, where ideas and beliefs from outside media are metaphorically injected into the minds of these indigenous cultures to the point where their former culture is clouded by this new influence and sometimes lo st forever.(Straubhaar et al 2009, 414-415) In the case of the Maori they were granted funding for a television station and a dramatic television show (Glynn and Tyson 2007, 207), but compared to the ever-growing western populous and media those indigenous populations will find it very difficult to sustain some essence of their culture within the society. Glynn and Tyson refer to the lack of funding for major media projects for indigenous people (Glynn and Tyson 2007, 208), which may have been an issue in 2007 but as of 2009-2010 the funding for these media projects have actually increased to an extra $20.1 million (Maori Television 2009) which allows for a much richer variety of television and film and will assist in stabilizing the Maori culture. A broad claim is also made ending the funding portion of the article which refers to a worldwide lack of funding for dramatic indigenous television which in fact is not quite the case (Glynn and Tyson 2007, 208). Countries such as Austral ia provide major funding for indigenous media ranging in the $30 million mark (Australian Government 2009), there are also a vast amount of indigenous films that have been made and released to the public for instance the film Smoke Signals (The Internet Movie Database 1999), which grant a rich experience of indigenous cultures and these too would have to be funded by the country in some way. A prime example in Canada would be the dramatic television series North of 60 which still airs today (although in re-runs) on CBC was granted 6 seasons (90 episodes, each 60 minutes long) and 5 made for TV movies and had lasted a total of 6 years (1999 2005) (The Internet Movie Database 1999) which is close to, if not more than, many shows that are brought forth by western cultures such as Corner Gas (6 seasons, 107 episodes) and even the original Star Trek series (3 seasons, 80 episodes) (The Internet Movie Database 1999). Therefore this claim made by Glynn and Tyson, although appropriate for some countries and New Zealand itself at that time, is not the soundest claim to make as it is, as shown, not the case for other countries in the world. This funding issue in indigenous media leads to a very interesting aspect of the article where Glynn and Tyson make note of both glocalization and globalization as also having a positive effect on the culture instead of a purely destabilizing effect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Glocalization, which is the combination of global ideologies with that of more local ones, (Straubhaar et al 2009, 113) as a positive reinforcement of indigenous culture is an interesting factor in this article. The authors introduce an efficient example of glocalizations benefits with a Maori television drama called Mataku. (Glynn and Tyson 2007, 207) With the creation of this television drama the indigenes are able to present their culture and beliefs not only to their own people, in order for preservation, but with the addition of English subtitles and a supernatural theme (which are present and popular in many western programs such as X-files), (Glynn and Tyson 2007, 206) the indigenes are able to incorporate a more global population and allow their culture to be better understood and be preserved through all populations. The reference to this television show shows without a doubt that by mixing together popular ideolog ies from different cultures into one main idea creates common ground for both cultures to share which not only benefits the indigenous of the land but also all other populations who share in the common interests that these programs present. To refer back to Glynn and Tysons issues surrounding funding for indigenous media, this idea of glocalization also plays against their negative outlook on globalizations effect. By creating this common or middle ground of media it would make sense that by drawing in more of an audience outside of the intended group with popular and mystifying themes such as the supernatural (in Matakus case) these shows would link up with similar westernized media and the demand would hopefully grow. With the growth of demand comes more funding as more people will want to see new episodes. This point is brought forth exceptionally by Glynn and Tyson when referring to the Maori co-creators of the series Mataku, Bradford Haami and Carey Carter (2007, 207). This is done by pointing to Ginsburgs coined term border-crossers, which is the ability to cross between two different cultures (in this case western and Maori cultures) and present their messages to them both effectively. (Glynn and Tyson 2007, 207) By using this ability and accomplishing the task of border crossing more efficiently and on a more frequent basis, the Maori people may have a greater chance of preserving their culture. As for globalization as a more positive effect, Glynn and Tyson touch upon the term cultural hybridity, which means the mixture of two cultures to create a seemingly local culture (2007, 211), and use it efficiently to show that the effects of these mixtures of cultures do in fact lead to more beneficial means for indigenous societies to preserve their culture and language. This can be seen in the article where Glynn and Tyson make note of Lisa Parks examination of cultural hybridity where post-colonial technology is used as a means to transmit pre-colonial cul tural media to the globe (2007, 212). This is a really interesting fact because no matter how much pre-colonial populations feel that their cultures are wasting away, they still take part in post-colonial activities in order to keep their culture afloat. Therefore globalization may in fact present negative effects on cultures but they also help preserve the culture by allowing a larger reach of cultural media to a more global population and the authors of this article, Glynn and Tyson, make this point very clear and use sufficient evidence to prove this claim.

The Akaka Bill :: essays research papers

The Akaka Bill   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin, it is important to recognize, a particular point in time in which Hawaii became a U.S. territory by a one sided act of Congress. The U.S. asked for no consent, treaty, or even any offer of money to the Hawaiians. Starting from this historical point in American and Hawaiian history, many Hawaiian and Native Hawaiian activists push for what they believe is rightfully theirs as the indigenous people of the islands of Hawaii. Independence. When it comes down to independence from the U.S., the Courts and basically the whole government believe that full independence would not work out in any way. This leaves the Hawaiians with two choices to decide from. The native Hawaiians could either keep their stand on full independence which has basically no chance of happening or they could go to the federal government to get the recognition of the relationship that they have available to protect them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Following the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Rice V. Cayetano, the Akaka Bill has arose and passed in Congress due to a sense of compulsion among Hawaiians. The Akaka Bill was enacted into law, in which a majority of Hawaiians eligible to vote selected an entity called, â€Å"lahui† to represent them in negotiations with the federal government for a type of sovereignty that is yet to be determined. According to U.S. court decisions, congress has the absolute authority to expand or reduce the powers of Lahui, just as it has over the American Indians. Therefore, the Akaka Bill does not automatically guarantee sovereignty to the Hawaiian people. Congress must enact a law that authorizes the terms agreed to, once an agreement is reached between Lahui and the government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Akaka Bill will allow Hawaiian people to exercise self-determination under U.S. law. It will also allow the Hawaiians to have more direct control over their ancestral lands and control of trust assets. Last but not least, the rights of native Hawaiians will have more protection from constitutional challenges.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the issues will have a direct impact on the state’s civil and penal laws, jurisdiction over land and resources and other crucial issues, the federal government has invited the State of Hawaii to be a party to negotiations. This paper should help you to better understand the issues that are arising and might arise later due to the actions between Congress and the new Hawaiian entity, Lahui.

Gastronomy †Pasta as a Favourite Food Essay

Trying to narrow down my favourite food wasn’t very easy, but if I had to choose one, it would have to be pasta. The reason being is that pasta can be dressed up in so many different types of sauces and there are many different types of noodles. I also like the fact that pasta is such an old type of food but is still loved by everyone. There are stories that say that Marco Polo brought pasta back when returning from one of his journeys to China, but in fact that is not the case. Pasta was already around during the years of Polo. The Arab invasion, during the eighth century was shown to be the biggest influence for pasta, and it wasn’t until 1839 when pasta and tomatoes (the recipe that most people use now) was first heard of. Pasta for me is my everything food. It’s something that I can make quickly when I am in a rush if I simply buy noodles and sauce at the store, it’s something that you can take hours to make, it’s something that you can make when having people over, because you know that everyone will like it and it is also something that you can have while out on a date. What’s great about pasta is that you can make it really quickly with an Aglio E Olio sauce (which is a butter and garlic sauce) and store bought pasta or you can take your time and make your own noodles from scratch as well as make you sauce. Also when making the basic tomato sauce you can choose whether or not you want to make it completely from scratch by cutting and roasting the tomatoes or if you want to use canned tomatoes. When I was little, my older sister and brothers Nona would make pasta noodles from scratch. My sister would always take some home and sometimes bring some over to our house. It was always a treat to be able to have fresh made pasta, especially when you knew that recipe had been pasted down from generation to generation originating in Italy. These are some of the reasons why I love pasta, and while I’m here at school I hope to learn how to make fresh pasta like the way my sister and brothers Nona did.

How Total Fertility Rate Affects a Countrys Population

How Total Fertility Rate Affects a Countrys Population The term total fertility rate describes the total number of children the average women in a population is likely to have based on current birth rates throughout her life. The number ranges from more than six children per woman in developing countries in Africa to around one child per woman in Eastern European and highly developed Asian countries. Replacement Rate The concept of replacement rate is associated with total fertility rate.  The replacement rate is the number of children each woman needs to have to maintain current population levels, or what is known as zero population growth, for her and the father.   In developed countries, the necessary replacement rate is about 2.1. Since replacement cannot occur if a child does not grow to maturity and have their own offspring, the need for the extra 0.1 child (a 5 percent buffer) per woman is due to the potential for death and factors in those who choose or are unable to have children. In less developed countries, the replacement rate is around 2.3 because of higher childhood and adult death rates. World Fertility Rates Vary Widely Nonetheless, with total fertility rates of 6.01 in Mali and 6.49 in Niger (as of 2017), the resultant growth in these countries populations is expected to be phenomenal over the next few years, unless growth rates and total fertility rates drop. For example, Malis 2017 population was approximately 18.5 million, up from 12 million a decade prior. If Malis high total fertility rate per woman continues, the population will continue to explode. Malis 2017 growth rate of 3.02 means a doubling time of just 23 years. Other countries with high total fertility rates included Angola at 6.16, Somalia at 5.8, Zambia at 5.63, Malawi at 5.49, Afghanistan at 5.12, and Mozambique at 5.08. On the other hand, more than 70 countries had (as of 2017) a total fertility rate of less than 2. Without immigration or an increase in total fertility rates, all of these countries will have declining populations over the next few decades. Some of the lowest total fertility rates included developed as well as developing countries. Examples of countries with low fertility rates were Singapore at 0.83, Macau at 0.95,  Lithuania at 1.59, the Czech Republic at 1.45, Japan at 1.41, and   Canada at 1.6. The U.S. Fertility Rate Is Below Replacement The total fertility rate for the United States in 2017 was below replacement value at 1.87 and the total fertility rate for the world was 2.5, down from 2.8 in 2002 and 5.0 in 1965. Chinas one-child policy definitely shows in the countrys total low fertility rate of 1.6. Different cultural groups within a country can exhibit different total fertility rates. In the United States, for example, when the countrys total fertility rate was 1.82 (in 2016), the total fertility rate was 2.09 for Hispanics, 1.83 for African Americans, 1.69 for Asians, and 1.72 for whites, still the largest ethnic group. Total fertility rates are closely tied to growth rates for countries and can be an excellent indicator of future population growth or decline for a country or for a population within a country.

Bio of Henry Kissinger, Diplomat and Intellectual

Bio of Henry Kissinger, Diplomat and Intellectual Henry A. Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger) is a scholar, public intellectual and the worlds foremost- and one of the more controversial- statesmen and diplomats. He served on the administrations of two U.S. presidents, most notably Richard M Nixons, and advised several others, including John F. Kennedy and George W. Bush. Kissinger shared the 1973 Nobel Prize for Peace for his efforts to negotiate an end to the Vietnam War. Fast Facts: Henry Kissinger Also Known As: Heinz Alfred KissingerKnown For: Secretary of the U.S. Department of State, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs  Born: May 27, 1923, in Fuerth, GermanyParents: Louis and Paula (Stern) KissingerSpouse: Ann Fleischer  (divorced); Nancy MaginnesChildren: Elizabeth and DavidEducation: Harvard College, B.A.; Harvard University, M.A. and Ph.D.Published Works: Diplomacy, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, The White House YearsKey Accomplishments: Winner of the 1973 Nobel Prize for Peace for his efforts to negotiate an end to the Vietnam War, the 1977 Presidential Medal of Freedom and the 1986 Medal of LibertyFamous Quote: â€Å"Corrupt politicians make the other ten percent look bad.†Ã‚  Fun Fact: Kissinger became an unlikely sex symbol and was known as a flirt, of sorts, in President Richard Nixons administration; he once noted: Power is the ultimate aphrodisiac. Fled Nazi German, Drafted by U.S. Military Kissinger was born on May 27, 1923, to Louis and Paula (Stern) Kissinger, Jews living in Nazi Germany. The family fled the country in 1938 amid state sanctioned anti-Semitism, just before the burning of Jewish synagogues, homes, schools and businesses in a deadly event that became known as Kristallnacht. The Kissingers, now refugees, settled in New York. Heinz Kissinger, a teenager at the time, worked in a factory making shaving brushes to support his poor family while also attending George Washington High School at night. He changed his name to Henry and became a U.S. citizen five years later, in 1943. He later enrolled in the City College of New York in hopes of becoming an accountant, but at age 19 he received a draft notice from the U.S. Army. He reported for basic training in February 1943 and eventually began work in counterintelligence with the Army Counter Intelligence Corps, where he served until 1946. A year later, in 1947, Kissinger enrolled at Harvard College. He graduated with his B.A. in political science in 1950, and went on to earn a masters degree from Harvard University in 1952 and a Ph.D. in 1954. He accepted positions in the prestigious Ivy League universitys Department of Government and its Center for International Affairs from 1954 to 1969. Marriage and Personal Life Kissingers first marriage was to Ann Fleischer, whom he had dated in high school and remained in touch with while he was in the Army. The marriage took place on February 6, 1949, while Kissinger was studying at Harvard College. The couple had two children, Elizabeth and David, and divorced in 1964. A decade later, on March 30, 1974, Kissinger married Nancy Sharon Maginnes, a philanthropist and former foreign policy staffer to Nelson A. Rockefellers Commission on Critical Choices for Americans. Career in Politics Kissingers professional career in politics began with Rockefeller during the early part of the wealthy Republicans tenure as governor of New York in the 1960s. Kissinger served as Rockefellers foreign policy adviser until he was tapped by Republican President Richard M. Nixon to be his national security adviser. Kissinger served in that capacity from January 1969 until early November 1975, simultaneously serving as secretary of the Department of State beginning in September 1973. Kissinger remained in the White House administration after Nixon resigned amid the Watergate scandal and Vice President Gerald Ford took over the presidency. Master of Practical Politics Kissingers legacy is as a master practitioner of realpolitik, a term used to mean the practical realities of politics, or a philosophy that is rooted in a nations strength instead of morality and world opinion. Among Kissingers most important diplomatic accomplishments are: The easing of tensions between two nuclear superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States, during the  Cold War in the 1960s and 1970s. This cooldown was known as a â€Å"dà ©tente.† Kissinger and Nixon used the strategy to de-escalate the showdown between the countries, in turn winning arms reduction treaties. Kissinger is widely credited with easing Cold War tensions and preventing a third world war.Ending more than two decades of diplomatic estrangement between the United States and China leading to a 1972 meeting of Nixon and Mao Zedong, the infamous founder of the communist Peoples Republic of China. Kissinger had begun secret negotiations with Maos government in 1971 under the belief that the United States would benefit from a friendly relationship, further illustration of Kissingers belief in realpolitik, or practical politics.The Paris Peace Accords, signed in 1973 following secret negotiations between Kissinger and North Vietnamese politburo member Le Duc Tho. The accords were meant to end the Vietnam War and did, in fact, lead to a temporary ceasefire and the end of U.S. involvement. Le Duc Tho had become increasingly concerned that his nation could become isolated if Kissingers and Nixons policy of dà ©tente built relations between the United States and its allies, the Soviet Union and China.   Kissingers shuttle diplomacy in 1974 during the Yom Kippur war among Israel, Egypt, and Syria, which resulted in disengagement agreements between the countries. Criticism of Kissinger Kissingers methods, particularly his apparent support of military dictatorships in South America, were not without criticism, however. The late public intellectual Christopher Hitchens called for Kissinger’s prosecution for war crimes, for crimes against humanity, and for offenses against common or customary or international law, including conspiracy to commit murder, kidnap, and torture.† The allegations of war crimes are rooted in Kissingers positioning of American foreign policy toward Argentina during its Dirty War. The countrys military forces secretly abducted, tortured and killed an estimated 30,000 people in the name of rooting out terrorism. Kissinger, the national security adviser and secretary of state, recommended the U.S. support the military by sending the country tens of millions of dollars and selling it aircraft. Records declassified decades later show Kissinger approved of the Dirty War, urging the Argentinian military to act swiftly less U.S. lawmakers get involved. Washington, Kissinger said, would not cause the dictatorship unnecessary difficulties. Sources Henry Kissinger – Biographical. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. Sat. 24 Nov 2018.  Henry A. (Heinz Alfred) Kissinger.  U.S. Department of State. Henry A. Kissinger, Ph.D.  Academy of Achievement.Henry A. Kissinger as Negotiator: Background and Key Accomplishments. Harvard Business School. James K. Sebenius, L. Alexander Green and Eugene B. Kogan. Nov. 24, 2014.

Gap Inc. SWOT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gap Inc. SWOT - Essay Example This essay stresses that poor management made the Gap’s core stores its worst competition. Under CEO Paul Pressler, the same products were carried in the Gap, Old Navy and the Banana Republic at different price points. Frustrated consumers stopped going. The Gap failed to keep its brands diversified. Originally Old Navy was the Gap’s bargain basement store. Consumers could go there and find cost effective clothing. Thanks to Pressler, consumers went their to get discount prices on Gap products. This paper makes a conclusion that the Gap’s management continued to create more problems for the company. The Gap started cloning itself by creating the GapMaternity, GapKids, BabyGap and others. This expansion hurt both the individual stores and the entire chain. Each new store requires employees, utilities and rent. The deluge of stores with specialized Gap products cut into the corporation’s profitability. Gap Inc is an international company. Having stores in several countries protects it from local economic downturns, recessions or depressions. The Gap’s competitors provide better customer service and adapts better to the fickle fashion climate. All of these companies are significantly smaller than the Gap and are able to implement changes quicker. The Gap is also vulnerable to US government regulation. China apparel and textile restrictions are in effect until December 31, 2008. A change or increase in these restrictions could raise production costs.

Rhetoric & Popular Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rhetoric & Popular Culture - Essay Example That is, our specific behaviors are the reflection of popular culture presented in advertisements, movies, television shows and magazines (Brummett). This paper aims to rhetorically analyze the pop culture related to advertisement. It will discuss pathos and logos, tone and style of DKNY Fragrance advertisement. Rhetoric analysis basically corresponds to the use of words in order to influence the audience (Brummett). This communication strategy is extensively used in marketing. Advertisement is one of the core components of marketing which builds awareness about a particular product and its distinguishing features. It plays a vital role in increasing sales through the specialized use of linguistics and visuals (Brummett). Description Let’s consider an example of DKNY Fragrance advertisement. This ad exceptionally uses the concept of rhetoric and popular culture, for instance the product name â€Å"Be Delicious: The Fragrance for Women by DKNY† is in itself very attracti ve and provoking. Moreover, the visuals consisted of colors and graphics appeals the target audience. A fair looking girl is presented with fruits around her to support the concept of deliciousness. Among the fruits the DKNY fragrance jar is placed in such a way that viewers can easily relate the natural element of fruits and the product (Fragrance). Although women tend to use a lot make up and cosmetics but they in reality want to be perceived as naturally gorgeous and refreshing. Hence the advertisement was designed using the rhetoric strategies to stimulate women’s instincts of natural beauty. The ad was initially published in Cosmopolitan Magazine which successfully drew the attention of readers while the lines actually persuaded them to purchase the product. The significantly attractive looks of the model played a major role in grasping the attention of majority viewers. In addition to this the overall theme, soft colors and use of language associated with the product we re equally convincing (Fragrance). Pathos and Logos Appeal The advertisement of â€Å"Be Delicious† was typically based upon pathos and logos. Pathos is basically an emotional appeal which is substantially used in marketing (Brummett). For instance, you must have observed many help projecting pictures of dying children in order to generate donations for poor. They are basically using the emotional appeal to drive an individual to participate in the fund raising campaigns. Similarly in the advertisement of DKNY Fragrance the name of the product â€Å"Be Delicious† actually provokes strong emotions among the target audience which persuades them to purchase the product. Pathos is not only used in words, rather the images and overall advertisement theme is a significant source of emotional appeal. For instance, the particular facial expressions of the model, arrangement of fruits and fragrance jar along with the background colors actually makes the foundations of rhetoric use in the advertisement (Fragrance). Logos, as opposed to pathos persuade people through proper reasoning and hence they are often used as logical appeal in marketing strategies (Brummett). For instance, cosmetic manufactures especially using herbal raw material emphasizes upon the health safety and long lasting effects of their products. Herbal products logically do not have any significant health hazards and this fact acts as a competitive advantage