Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Technology Ruined Peoples Friendship And Relationships

Technology has made communicating difficult and has slowly ruined people’s friendships and relationships. Henry David Thoreau says, â€Å"Society is commonly too cheap. We meet at very intervals, not having had time to acquire any new values to each other.† Interpersonal communication with people is fading away with time, but simultaneously, technology has given people connection with those far from them. Although it does have its advantages, technology has ruined the connection and intimacy people once experienced in a pre-digital age. The disenchantment in peoples friendship caused by technology is clear. Technology has interfered with person friendships and made the relationship undignified and neglecting the fundamentals of it, such as†¦show more content†¦Friends from far away are now connected with the use of the Internet, the internet is a wonderful place to stay connected with family and friends, I use it to stay in contact with my friend Ray that’s going to Cal Poly. Nevertheless, sometimes it can be distracting while I’m hanging out with my cousins, but now people communicate through screens and it’s like a custom and people use social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and messaging to do all our â€Å"communicating†, but communicating from technology doesn’t show the person s emotions â€Å"Studies show that only 7% of communication is based on the written or verbal word. A whopping 93% is based on nonverbal body language† (Tardanico). The author, Tardanico, experiences that when her daughter attempted suicide, she talked to her before the incident, she seemed happy and she couldn’t notice her body language and, therefore, realize that she had depression. Communicating with, a person can only be from one way and that’s from face to face talking because individuals can notice what’s happening with the person, however using technology to talk to the person. Technology has taken away from the quality time people used to spend with families. â€Å"Kaiser Family Foundation reported that Americans between the ages of 8 and 18 spend onShow MoreRelatedThe Internet Has Seen The World More Connected Than Ever Before2837 Words   |  12 Pagesinternet, a number expected to rise to 50 billion by 2020 (FTC Staff Report, 2015). Surprisingly, in 2020, the U.S. is expecting to have 26 billion connected devices (Truste, 2014), encompassing more than a half the global users. The trend of this technology is not heading to a halt any time soon and has, under these circumstances, been associated with numerous health benefits and challenges for users. While people with internet devices can now better monitor their health through mobile apps that trackRead MoreIelts Essay Questions5662 Words   |  23 Pagesanimals. Agree or disagree. 11 Sport has never been as popular as it is today 12 Should young people be ambitious? Young people should be ambitious or it is fine if young people do not have big aims in life. 13 Advantages and disadvantages of technology. 14 The advantages and disadvantages of mobile phones 15 Different aspects of home working. 16 Technological advances 17 Consumption of water. 18 What do young people worry about? 19 Travelling by car. 20 Tourism can be good for theRead MorePsychological Effects of Social Media3121 Words   |  13 Pagessocial networking sites like Facebook and Twitter shorten attention spans and contribute to an instant gratification, self-centered mindset. From the article: We know how small babies need constant reassurance that they exist. My fear is that these technologies are infantilising the brain into the state of small children who are attracted by buzzing noises and bright lights, who have a small attention span and who live for the moment. I often wonder whether real conversation in real time may eventuallyRead MoreA Research Proposal of the Effects of Online Gaming4846 Words   |  20 PagesDe La Salle Araneta University College of Arts Sciences Education and Technology Electronics II: A Research Proposal of the Effects of Online Gaming Submitted By: Taha, Jackilyn A. Avanzado, Annabelle Submitted To: Eng’r. Aga Madelo Chapter 1- The title and its Background Introduction: Over the past two decades, electronic games have become ingrained in our culture. Children’s fixation with these games initially alarmed parents and educators, but educational researchers soonRead MoreA Research Proposal of the Effects of Online Gaming4838 Words   |  20 PagesDe La Salle Araneta University College of Arts Sciences Education and Technology Electronics II: A Research Proposal of the Effects of Online Gaming Submitted By: Taha, Jackilyn A. Avanzado, Annabelle Submitted To: Eng’r. Aga Madelo Chapter 1- The title and its Background Introduction: Over the past two decades, electronic games have become ingrained in our culture. Children’s fixation with these games initially alarmed parents and educators, but educational researchers soon questionedRead MoreMastering The Debt Collector 1 Essay9300 Words   |  38 Pagesofficer who just got off the phone with her husband who forgot to pay their water bill or forgot their anniversary. Your sweet face and smile with a side of proposed friendship or just familiarity might be just what the doctor ordered to get the job done and that car loan signed, sealed and delivered. Establish that relationship and then start asking about credit cards and/or just a line of credit. You can always shoot for a $500 unsecured credit card, but if you end up with an offer for a $300Read MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pageshistory. Sacajawea is an excellent example of how historical facts are often distorted and altered to â€Å"prove† points of view or simply to tell a good story. Two of the â€Å"false facts† associated with Sacajawea: The idea that she had a romantic relationship with either Lewis or Clark; and the image that she had almost-mystical powers of navigation because of her American Indian heritage. Regardless of history’s romantic take on this female adventurer, and all the exaggerations that surround herRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPreface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PART III GROUP SKILLS 438 8 Empowering and Delegating 439 9 Building Effective Teams and Teamwork 489 10 Leading Positive ChangeRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthat were perhaps greater than all of those achieved in previous history combined. During the same time span, however, state tyranny and brutal oppression reached once unimaginable levels—in large part due to the refinement or introduction of new technologies of repression and surveillance and modes of mass organization and control. Breakthroughs in the sciences that greatly enhanced our understandings of the natural world and made for major advances in medicine and health care were very often offsetRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages487 †¢ The Matrix Structure 488 New Design Options 490 The Virtual Organization 490 †¢ The Boundaryless Organization 492 †¢ The Leaner Organization: Downsizing 494 Why Do Structures Differ? 496 Organizational Strategy 496 †¢ Organization Size 498 †¢ Technology 498 †¢ Environment 499 Organizational Designs and Employee Behavior 501 Summary and Implications for Managers 502 CONTENTS xvii S A L Self-Assessment Library Do I Like Bureaucracy? 480 Self-Assessment Library How Willing Am I to Delegate

Monday, December 23, 2019

Is Jack Kevorkian A Doctor Death - 1585 Words

Another big advocate for the legal right to die with dignity is Jack Kevorkian also known as ‘doctor death’, he created a sort of stigma for physician assisted death. He was an outspoken figure that brought to the forefront a serious arising problem that hadn’t been discussed in such an open setting. Just for a little basis on his background and credentials, he graduated from Michigan University medical school with a specialty in pathology. In 1956, four years after graduating, he published his first article â€Å"The Fundus Oculi and the Determination of Death.† This article discussed his practice of photographing the eyes of patient’s before they died, this earned him his nickname ‘Doctor Death.’ With his unorthodox practices he changed many laws in the Michigan Legislature. He was claimed to have assisted in more than 130 terminally ill patients suicides through 1990 to 1998. He served eight years for second-degree murder after injec ting a patient with a lethal does himself. Kevorkian had his first successful assisted suicide on June 4, 1990. Her name was Janet Atkins a 54 year old English teacher with Alzheimer’s disease. She first heard of the apparent suicide machine from an episode of the Donahue show. The machine distributed saline solution, and sodium thiopental into the patients’ blood stream. This puts the patient into a deep sleep like coma and for the final reaction. A lethal dose of potassium chloride that stops the heart. This machine was the work and brainchildShow MoreRelatedThe Faults in Dr. Death: The Right to Die with Dignity Essays675 Words   |  3 PagesJack Kevorkian was a doctor who assisted terminally ill patients to commit suicide. He believed that they had the right to die in an appropriate way; to die with dignity. He therefore invented a machine (called thanatron—a Greek word for death machine) which could take away his patients’ lives painlessly and efficiently, all they had to do was to push a bu tton and their lives would be ended by either deadly injection or carbon monoxide poisoning. There had been at least one hundred patients who triedRead MoreDr. Kevorkian, Mudering in the Name of Mercy Essays1347 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversial issue of doctor assisted suicide is followed by a big question. Should states legalize doctor assisted suicide? Physician assisted suicide gives the right for physicians to administer to certain patients lethal doses of drugs with the intention of ending a patients life (Coburn 266). My research for this argument was based on Jack Kervorkian, better known as doctor death. He has admitted helping more than 130 people end their lives (BBC News Online Network). Kevorkian is from Michigan andRead MoreThe Euthanasia Debate Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagesattempt to evade death. Though death is usually seen as an unwanted end, some see it as an alternative to suffering. Most people cringe at the thought of suicide, but is euthanasia the same thi ng? Do human beings have the right to choose death? â€Å"Americans have developed a paradoxical relationship with death-we know more about the causes and conditions surrounding death, but we have not equipped ourselves emotionally to cope with dying and death (Bender and B. Leone).† Death is a scary subjectRead MoreEssay on Jack Kevorkian1084 Words   |  5 PagesJack Kevorkian Jack Kevorkian was born in 1928 in Pontiac, Michigan, to Armenian immigrants. He grew up in Pontiac and went on to college and medical school at the University of Michigan, where he received his medical degree in 1952. Dr Kevorkian chose pathology as his specialty, which involves trying to determine causes of disease and death. He served in Korea as an Army medical officer, then came back to Michigan and began residency. It was apparent that Dr. Kevorkian had an obsessionRead MoreDoctor Assisted Suicide : The Moral And Immoral Rights Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesDoctor Assisted Suicide Doctor-assisted suicide helps numerous people with life threatening illnesses die in peace. Brittany Maynard is the most recent case that deals with the moral and immoral rights of doctor-assisted suicide. Other doctors helped their patients, however they did not publicize the action being done to help. Doctor Kevorkian was the first doctor that did not hide as to how he would help his patients that were terminally ill. Doctor assisted suicide is frowned upon by a varietyRead MoreEuthanasia: The Pros and Cons1281 Words   |  6 Pages Euthanasia: The pros Anatomy Durkos Sarah Carter Jan 6, 2013 Over the years there has been a debate on whether euthanasia is a â€Å"humane† form of death. Some believe it isnt humane and others believe euthanasia is personal choice. Euthanasia is legal Australia and in four states in the united states. The legality of euthanasia is based on ethics primarily. I am pro euthanasia for many reasons; Euthanasia is cheaper, it ends the suffering of patients, and self determinism. Read MoreVoluntary Euthanasia and Dr. Kevorkian1251 Words   |  6 PagesSuicide Euthanasia, possibly one of the most controversial topics in today’s society. A word that derives from the Greek language meaning, â€Å"good death†. Euthanasia is a term that refers to the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. Dr. Jack Kevorkian once stated, â€Å"In quixotically trying to conquer death doctors all too frequently do no good for their patients’ â€Å"ease† but at the same time they do harm instead by prolonging and even magnifying patients’ dis-easeRead More Euthanasia: The Strange Case of Dr. Kevorkian Essay664 Words   |  3 PagesEuthanasia: The Strange Case of Dr. Kevorkian Physicians face an ethical dilemma when confronting their patients who are suffering. Many have to choose between abiding by the law or ignoring the law and acting on their own beliefs by assisting in a patient’s suicide. Dr. Jack Kevorkian is certainly one doctor who has taken the illegal route in assisting in many of his patients suicides. In â€Å"Killer Doc,† William F. Buckley provides a brief overview of the case and informs his audience ofRead MoreThe Infamous Story Of Dr. Jack Kevorkian1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe infamous story of Dr. Jack Kevorkian is a unique one. Professor Hengameh M. Hosseini wrote how he was a doctor and was one of the first notable physicians to aid in suicide for his patients that wanted it. In 1989 Kevorkian aided in Janet Adkins suicide, his first patient to do so. After many years of helping his patients in this way, Kevorkian got in trouble in 1998 when he got caught administering a lethal injection to Thomas York, a patient who was suffering from Lou Gehrig’s disease and wantedRead More Physician-Assisted Suicide is Morally and Ethically Acceptable1160 Words   |  5 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   The long time debate over medically assisted suicide, the presence of a doctor at a patient’s suicide, resurfaced again with the conviction of doctor Jack Kevorkian.   Kevorkian was convicted of second degree murder when he euthanized, or administered the injection himself, Thomas Youk on September 17, 1998.   Dr. Kevorkian, an advocate and practitioner of medically assisted suicides, has many opponents on the issue. Opponents say that it is unethical and even with the consent of the patient

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Assess the role of ella baker in the civil rights movement Free Essays

string(103) " from clergy or church hierarchy; she was Acting Executive Director until a suitable leader was found\." Introduction Men and their reputations are well known throughout the civil rights movement. McNair-Barnett conducted a study with interviewees from her research in to the movement and asked them who they considered to be the top ten important individual leaders in the movement. 81 individuals were names, 27. We will write a custom essay sample on Assess the role of ella baker in the civil rights movement or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 per cent were women compared to 72.8 per cent of men (McNair Barnett, 1993). It is clear that men were also more focused on in terms of the press and people in the movement. There are many different reasons that could possibly account for this. The women’s liberation movement did not begin in American until the late 1960’s; therefore it was hard for women to have a role in the civil rights movement as an established leader. Also, at the time of the movement, men would have had to lead due to gender bias’ at the time for he movement to have made progress and begin to generate change. As a product of time, men were at he forefront whilst women were more of than not behind the scenes. Typically, men tended to front organisations such as The Congress of Racial Equality and the Nation Association for The Advancement of Coloured People. Men in these roles often controlled meetings and made decisions over policies and movement strategies. Women however, were not in such high profile roles and tended to stay behind the scenes as found by Sacks study (Barnett, 1997). Women typically organised events, and worked in clerical and secretarial roles in order for the movement organisations to run as smoothly as possible. As a result, women have often not been given the recognition that they deserve. Ella Baker in particular has not been recognised for her tireless efforts throughout the civil rights movement. She has been described as â€Å"a largely unsung hero of the Civil Rights Freedom Movement who inspired and guided emerging leaders† (ellabakercenter.org). Baker also acquired the nickname ‘Fundi’ from her time as an activist. ‘Fundi’ is a Swahili word meaning a person who teaches a craft to the next generation (REF), giving a slight indication as to how important her role in the civil rights movement was. Ella Josephine baker was born on December 13th 1903, in Raleigh, North Carolina. She grew up listening to her grandmother’s experiences growing up on slave plantations. Ella Baker attended Shaw University, Raleigh, North Carolina and regularly challenged university policies that she thought were unfair, she graduated as class valedictorian in 1927. After graduating, Baker worked in editorial roles, particularly for the American West Indian News from 1928-1930 and the Negro National News in 1932. Baker had befriended George Schulyer, who founded the Young Negroes Cooperative League together with Baker in 1931, and became its national director (Mueller in Crawford, 1993). This led to her employment with New Deals Works Progress Association bringing people together through collective buying. It was during her time with New Deals Works Progress that Baker was exposed to newer radical ideas surrounding social change. (Ella baker quote in Mueller in Crawford about time in NY) In 1938 Baker joined the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People and stressed the importance of young people and women in the organisation. However, it has been suggested that Baker was against the NAACP’s traditional strategy of appealing to the professional ranks in society to lead the masses (Elliot, 1996). Elliot believes that Ella Bakers philosophy was â€Å"power to the people† (Elliot, 1996). Baker believed that people had to help themselves in order to discover solutions to their problems, she believed that â€Å"oppressed people, whatever their level of formal education have the ability to understand and interpret the world around them, to see the world for what it is, and move to transform it† (www.ellabakercenter.org). by 1941, Baker had become an assistant field secretary of the NAACP. Whilst with the NAACP, baker helped to organise voter registration drives, and actively campaigned for school desegregation and was against police b rutality issues. In the late 1940’s Baker had become a field secretary for the New York Branch of the NAACP and had become â€Å"the NAACP’s most effective organiser† (www.blackpast.org). Ella Baker in an interview with Gerda Lerner, a historian, described her role in the NAACP; â€Å"you would deal with whatever the local problem was and on the basis of the needs of the people you would try to organise them in the NAACP† (Lerner, 1972, p.347). Baker worked well in the NAACP, hence her reputation. She believed that â€Å"you relationships to human beings was more important than your relationship to the amount of money you made† (Cantarow and Omally, p.60). It was perhaps this belief that made her such a central organiser within the NAACP, as she had a very down to earth view of the world and equality, and as a result, was able to work with all people from different walks of life when travelling through the south as a field secretary for the NAACP. Baker left her role as field secretary in 1946 to care for her niece in New York but remained a volunteer, she became its president in 1952 but resigned in 1953 to run for the New York City Council, but it was unsuccessful (Ransby, 2003, p.14). In 1955, Ella Baker, along with Bayard Rustin and Stanley Levison co founded the organisation ‘In Friendship’ to raise money to fight against Jim Crow laws in the south (Payne, 1989). However, it was not until 1957 when she became involved with another prominent organisation in the movement. Baker moved to Atlanta, to help organise the Southern Christian Leadership Conference with Martin Luther King. Baker was the associate director of the SCLC (Elliot, 1996) and was involved with the day to day running of the organisation and the office. Ella Baker later became the SCLC’s Acting Executive Director. The Civil Rights Movement was a largely church based movement and as a result, Baker was never considered a legitimate leader, as she had not descended from clergy or church hierarchy; she was Acting Executive Director until a suitable leader was found. You read "Assess the role of ella baker in the civil rights movement" in category "Essay examples" Mueller suggests, â€Å"her policy suggestions for greater emphasis on local organising and the inclusion of Women and youth were largely ignored† (Mueller in Crawford, 1993, p.62). Ella Baker was aware of this discrimination in the SCLC though when she was asked why she decided to leave the SCLC she replied; â€Å"in the first place, I had known, number one that there would never be any role for me in a leadership capacity with the SCLC. WhyFirst I’m a woman. Also, I’m not a minister† (Robnett, 1996). Female status in the movement was gained through acts of courage and positions of power were through community work or extraordinary activism, not through church hierarchy, the way men gained leadership was more often than not through church hierarchy in terms of the clergy. There is plenty of evidence to suggest that women weren’t aware of their positions as secondary to the roles of men. Victoria Gray recalls â€Å"there are just so few places where historically the black male could have any authority, if you will. That is not an accident, I assure you. Where that was possible the community supported that† (Robnett, 1997, p.41). Gray suggests that women supported men in positions of power, despite that often meaning that women would come secondary to them. Bernice Johnson Reagon claims â€Å"as an empowered human being I never experienced being held back† (Robnett, 1997, p.37). Whilst these women appear to be unaware of the gender bias at the time, there were women in the spotlight who were aware of the constraints of both race and gender. Dorothy Height, a well known woman in the movement, said the main downside to being a female leader amongst men, was that it was â€Å"sometimes hard for them to realise the importance of womenà ¢â‚¬â„¢s rights†(www.onlinenewshour.com) Martin Luther King Jr acknowledged â€Å"women, while capable of leadership, did not and should not exercise this ability by choice† (Robnett, 1996). It was difficult for women to hold positions of power during the movement, as women’s liberation had not yet begun. However, Dorothy Cotton an activist in the movement recalls; â€Å"Men were programmed to be chauvinistic, but we allowed it too, women deferred to their husbands† (Robnett, 1997, p.43), indicating that a separation of male and female roles in the movement was a product of the time. The post-war era continued the public and private sphere ideology; men and women had their separate roles in separate aspects of life. It is important to realise that men had found themselves in a position of power after so long of having no access to any form of power and therefore the chance to lead was an opportunity that was too good to turn down. Clyde Franklin believes a reason for this is that â€Å"in America, blac k males have only been ‘men’ for about twenty years† (Ling, YR. p.6). After the Greensboro Sit-Ins in 1960, where black members of society sat in segregated white areas in Woolworth stores across America, two months in to the sit-ins, they had spread to 54 cities in 9 states (www.sitins.org). By July 1960, Woolworth stores had agreed to integrate the lunch counter at the Greensboro store. It was after this that Baker realised people were determined to make a change, and called together 300 students for the South wide Student Leadership Conference on Non-violent Resistance to Segregation, which later changed it’s name to Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee. Elliot suggests that students of the SNCC trusted Ella Baker because of instead of dictating policy she guided students to solutions (Elliot, 1996). This could, however, be due to her time spent at The Highlander Folk School. The Highlander Folk School was geared towards teaching African-Americans how to read in order to enable them to progress and to empower black communities to furthe r develop more local leaders. Mueller believed that is was Bakers aim to â€Å"help local leaders develop their own leadership potential† (Mueller in Crawford, 1993, p.58). In Bakers time with the SNCC, she had an active role in coordinating the nationwide freedom rides of 1961, where blacks were to ride busses in to southern states sat in areas of the public busses that had previously been reserved for white passengers (Carson). In 1964, Baker also helped to organise the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. The party was not seated with delegation but held an influence over the Democratic Party to elect black leaders in Mississippi, which forced a rule change to allow women and minorities to sit as delegates at the Democratic National Convention (FIND REF). Whilst working with the SNCC Baker also worked o the staff of the Southern Conference Education Fund from 1962-1967, which aimed to bring black ad white people together to work for social justice. In her time on the staff of the SCEF, Baker took part in a speaker tour to reunite black and whites and co-hosted important meetings on the links of civil rights and civil liberties (Ransby, 2003). Ella Baker was a strong advocate of Participatory Democracy that was popular during the 1960’s. Participatory Democracy had three main aims focused on participation. The first was an appeal for the grass roots involvement of those in society over decisions that control their own lives. The next step is to minimize hierarchy and emphasis on expertise and professionalism as a basis for the election of a leader. The third main emphasis was to call for direct action as an answer to fear, alienation, and intellectual detachments. Mueller notes, â€Å"participatory democracy legitimized an active public voice† (Mueller in Crawford, 1993, p.52). Participatory democracy is evident in Bakers style of activism; particularly through the way in which she encouraged members of the SNCC to find solutions to their problems rather than to dictate the solutions to them. Baker believed that â€Å"the major job was getting people to understand that they had something in their power that they could use, and it could be used if they understood what was happening and how group actions count counter violence† (www.ellabakercenter.org) showing how focused she was on the grass roots involvement of people in the movement. Ella Bakers role in the Civil Rights Movement was essential. Her behind the scenes activism challenged and helped to change the society of America. By Helping to organise voter registration drives she enabled black people of America to have the right to vote in elections, and her role as field secretary of the NAACP helping southern states through the organisation to solve local issues in order to unite a front against national issues. Her co-founding of ‘In Friendship’ also geared towards those in the Jim Crow stricken states in the south where systematic segregation and racism was often stronger than in the northern states. Her organisation of the SNCC was groundbreaking; changing the way people though out solutions to their problems. It was perhaps her role in the SNCC where her strong advocacy for participatory democracy shines through, as she aimed to guide rather than dictate. Shyrlee Dallard sums up the effort of Ella Baker, writing â€Å"for Ella Baker, organisi ng was more than a job† (Dallard, 1990, p.6). Baker put her heart and soul in to organising events and organisations geared towards changing American society in to an equal society. The Ella Baker Center is dedicated to leading in the way that Ella Baker did, to encourage people to work towards professional opportunities in order to better themselves and their local communities through the running of various campaigns. The Heal the Streets Campaign trains people to act against violence in Oakland, Illinois. The center is dedicated towards the following of Ella Baker’s philosophy, ‘Power to The People†. How to cite Assess the role of ella baker in the civil rights movement, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Management and Organization in Global Environment Cybernetics

Question: Discuss about theManagement and Organization in Global Environment for Cybernetics. Answer: Introduction The Law of Requisite Variety is one of the key theories that help a business in achieving efficient and sustainable management and organization. The Law of Requisite Variety states that the person who has the most flexibility in a system will eventually control the system (Axelrod VanDeveer, 2014). This is because the individual or the person who exhibits the highest degree of flexibility of behaviour in the system will have the most influence over it. This law, which is also known as the first law of Cybernetics, has often been termed to be a highly convenient and empowering methodology. The Law of Requisite Variety enables not only overall development of the business but also ensures personal development of the individual who adheres to it. The basic essence of this law can be stated as the more choices an individual has, the more freedom he/she gets to feel. This results in an improvement in the general quality of life. Requisite means required or necessary. Variety is more or less different versions of accumulation of information (Bhagavatula, Mudambi Murmann, 2017). So, the Law of Requisite Variety provides different versions of required information. It presents more choices and more freedom. The individual who can make the best use of it eventually has a better control over the entire system. The Law of Requisite Variety, when implemented in a business can bring about a plethora of positive effects. Some of these are Introduction of flexibility in the business environment in terms of the various techniques that can be employed in an organization The choices of the collaborators and the shareholders are also diversified over time With the increase in the number of choices, the number of business clients also increases both in terms of brands and the quality of work. The implementation of the Law of Requisite Variety in a business however has to be done carefully. The variety that is made available in the system should be perfectly controlled. Inadequate variety can result in an ineffective system while excessive variety can also destroy the system (Biagini, et al., 2014). Therefore, a perfect balance has to be struck and the individual should exhibit flexibility and intelligence while making a choice. Business goals have to kept in mind at all times and the required steps have to be taken (Hisrich Ramadani, 2016). Conclusion It is highly recommended that every business makes use of the Law of Requisite Theory for achieving its objectives. Not only do the managers get the flexibility where they can use different styles of leadership, it also increases the chances of successful outcomes for the organization. Employee Motivation - Expectancy Theory Executive Summary Another key method to boost the management and organization in a business is the Expectancy Theory which focuses on employee motivation. Given by Victor Vroom, the Expectancy Theory of Motivation states that an individual (in this case an employee) will behave or choose to act in a certain manner because they are motivated to do so as they expect certain outcomes from this specific behaviour over others. Introduction Expectancy is often described as the belief that increased effort leads to increased performance. Various individual factors like personality, knowledge, experience, skills and abilities influence an employees performance. And hence, expectancy in any of these spheres can improve the performance of an employee. According to this theory, motivation, effort and performance are all inter-related (Karekezi, 2016). Vrooms Expectancy Theory for employee motivation assumes that behaviour is a consequence of certain conscious choices that an individual makes when presented with a number of alternatives. The individual tends to pick that option that will give him satisfaction in his career objectives and also reduce stress. If an employee is able to perform well and attain his career objectives, this gets reflected on the overall business and the organization achieves steady growth. The income and the productivity of the business witness a gradual increase over the years. Two other terms that this theory mentions are instrumentality and valence (Lawler III Worley, 2015). Instrumentality is the belief that if one performs well, he or she can get a valued outcome. Valence is the belief that the individual has in the fact that this valued outcome is what he or she wants. Hence, the expectancy-instrumentality-valence cycle is very important from a business perspective (Marroqun-Cardona, et al., 2014). Implementation of the Expectancy theory in practice requires a number of factors to be fulfilled. Having the right skill set to do the job, having good managerial skills to get the job done and also having the right resources are a few of them (Marroqun-Cardona, et al., 2014). The expectancy theory, however, becomes ineffective when the employee goals are not in sync with the organizational goals. Therefore, before the implementation of this theory, employees should be clearly told about the long and short term goals of the business (Marroqun-Cardona, et al., 2014). Conclusion It is of utmost importance that the expectancy theory for employee motivation be implemented in day-to-day business as motivated employees hugely contribute to the productivity of the business. Employees who are willing to give long hours and work hard for the company also have certain expectations in return. Finding the perfect balance between these two is the key to a successful and sustainable business. These theories find application in every industry and have been tried and tested for a long time now. Keeping the employees motivated and happy is a must in every industry as happy employees make a happy company. References Axelrod, R. S., VanDeveer, S. D. (Eds.). (2014).The global environment: institutions, law, and policy. CQ Press. Bhagavatula, S., Mudambi, R., Murmann, J. P. (2017). Management and Organization Review Special Issue The Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in India.Management and Organization Review,13(1), 209-212. Biagini, B., Bierbaum, R., Stults, M., Dobardzic, S., McNeeley, S. M. (2014). A typology of adaptation actions: A global look at climate adaptation actions financed through the Global Environment Facility.Global Environmental Change,25, 97-108. Hisrich, R. D., Ramadani, V. (2016).Effective Entrepreneurial Management: Strategy, Planning, Risk Management, and Organization. Springer. Karekezi, S. (2016). Generic Skills of Management and Organization: The Energy Sector in Africa Stephen Karekezi.New Generic Technologies in Developing Countries, 174. Lawler III, E. E., Worley, C. G. (2015). Organization Agility and Talent Management. Marroqun-Cardona, A. G., Johnson, N. M., Phillips, T. D., Hayes, A. W. (2014). Mycotoxins in a changing global environmenta review.Food and Chemical Toxicology,69, 220-230. Ribeiro, J., Machado, C. (2017). Global Talent Management: Reality or Utopia? A Special Glance Through a Portuguese Multinational Organization. InCompetencies and (Global) Talent Management(pp. 115-141). Springer International Publishing.